Types Of Nutrition (Special Focus on Saprophytes and Parasites) ,For classes 7 and 10
Definition:- Nutrition is the process that provides nourishment to living organism are called nutrients.
* Types of Nutrition
- Autotrophic
- Hetrotrophic
* Hetrotrophic plants are broadly classified into three categories depending upon the source from which they obtain food. - saprophytes, parasites and insectivorous.
* Saprophytes live upon dead organic matter and are responsible for the conversion of complex organic substances into simple organic substances.
e.g.
- Algae - Polytoma
- Bryophyte - Sphagnum
- Pteridophyte - Botrychium
Lycopodium
- Angiosperm - Neottia (birds nest orchid).
* Saprophytes can also be facultative or obligate.
*Obligate saprophytes are strict saprophytes or holosaprophytes.
* Facultative saprophytes are plants with other types of nutrition which can live as saprophytes.
* Parasites can be total (or holoparasite) or partial (or semiparasite) parasites.
* The parasites which are non green and obtain their total food (including organic nutrients, water and minerals) from the hosts are called holoparasites. e.g.
Cuscuta
Orobranche
* The parasites which are green and can synthesize their own food but depend upon host for water and mineral supply are called partial or semiparasites. e.g.
Loranthus
* Important angiospermic parasites are-
- Total stem parasites - Cuscuta ( Amerbel)
- Partial stem parasite - Viscum (Mistletoe) and
- Total root parasite - Orobanche (Broom rape)
- Partial root parasite - Santalum on roots of Dalbergia.
Striga on roots of sugar cane
and Thesium on the roots of grasses.
* Parasitic plants obtain nutrition from host plants by penetrating with their haustoria. Haustoria are small modified adventitious roots which deeply penetyrate into the body of host. The vascular tissue of parasite makes contact with that of the host through these haustoria.
NCERT (Class 10) says above. Now it is the expansion of this topic
Definition:- Nutrition is the process that provides nourishment to living organism are called nutrients.
Vitamins List
Vitamin Lists
* Types of Nutrition
- Autotrophic
- Hetrotrophic
* Hetrotrophic plants are broadly classified into three categories depending upon the source from which they obtain food. - saprophytes, parasites and insectivorous.
* Saprophytes live upon dead organic matter and are responsible for the conversion of complex organic substances into simple organic substances.
e.g.
- Algae - Polytoma
- Bryophyte - Sphagnum
- Pteridophyte - Botrychium
- Angiosperm - Neottia (birds nest orchid).
* Saprophytes can also be facultative or obligate.
*Obligate saprophytes are strict saprophytes or holosaprophytes.
* Facultative saprophytes are plants with other types of nutrition which can live as saprophytes.
* Parasites can be total (or holoparasite) or partial (or semiparasite) parasites.
* The parasites which are non green and obtain their total food (including organic nutrients, water and minerals) from the hosts are called holoparasites. e.g.
Cuscuta
Orobranche
Blanophora
Rafflesia
Cistanche
* The parasites which are green and can synthesize their own food but depend upon host for water and mineral supply are called partial or semiparasites. e.g.
Loranthus
Viscus
Santalum album
Thesium
* Important angiospermic parasites are-
- Total stem parasites - Cuscuta ( Amerbel)
- Partial stem parasite - Viscum (Mistletoe) and
Loranthus
- Total root parasite - Orobanche (Broom rape)
- Partial root parasite - Santalum on roots of Dalbergia.
Striga on roots of sugar cane
and Thesium on the roots of grasses.
* Parasitic plants obtain nutrition from host plants by penetrating with their haustoria. Haustoria are small modified adventitious roots which deeply penetyrate into the body of host. The vascular tissue of parasite makes contact with that of the host through these haustoria.
haustoria
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