Nomenclature
Some Important Points For Class 9 and Board Students.
* Nomenclature is giving distinct scientific names to various structures including living organisms, for their identification.
* Biological Nomenclature is of two types - vernacular and scientific.
* Common names by which plants and animals are known in their regional places are called vernacular names.
* The vernacular name or common names are based on some peculiarity pf the organisms. e.g. Kandiali (a plant having spines)
* Scientific names are given to organisms based on agreed principles and criteria for their acceptability all over the world.
* Scientific names are distinct and specific, they have particular spelling which are not changed.
* There are three types of Nomenclature - polynomial, trinomial and binomial nomenclature.
* Polynomial nomenclature was the first attempt at nomenclature in which an organism is given name consisting number of words that incorporates all its important characteristics. e.g Carophyllum saxatilis folis gramneus umbellatis corymbis which means caryophyllum growing on rocks, having grass like leaves and umbellate corymb flowers.
Carophyllum saxatilis
* Trinomial nomenclature is a taxonomic naming system that extends the standard system of binomial nomenclature by adding a third taxon. It is used in biology when the organisms within a species fall into separate grouping that needs to be distinguished.
* Trinomen is a name consisting of three names- generic name,specific name and subspecies name. All three names are typeset in italics and only the generic name is capitalized. e.g. Buteo jamaicensis borealis is one of the subspecies of the red tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
Buteo jamaicensis
*Binomial nomenclature is a system of providing distinct proper scientific name to organisms with each name consisting of two words, generic and specific.
* It was developed by Linnaeus ( a Swedish biologist) who gave certain principles
( called Linnaean principles) for this in his book Philosophica Botanica (1751).
* According to it, each organism is given name made of two Latin words.
*For nomenclature the Latin language is used because it is the dead language and no changes are supposed to occur in it.
* In binomial nomenclature ,following rules are applicable.
- Name consist of two words - first word represents the genus and is called generic name and the second word represents the species called the specific name.
- The generic name always start with capital letters and specific name starts with small letter.
- Both these names must be underlined separately (if handwritten) or italised ( if printed).
* No comma, hyphen etc between generic and specific name is used.
* To the two word , name is appended the name of taxonomist who discovered the organism and provided with a scientific name . e.g Ficus bengalensis L, Homo Sapiens L.
Ficus bengalensis L, Homo Sapiens L.
* Botanical nomenclature is independent of zoological and bacteriological nomenclature which are governed by their own code.
* Some important abbreviations are
- ICBN - International Code Of Botanical Nomenclature
- ICZN - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
- ICBacN - International Code of Bacteriological Nomenclature.
- ICVN - International Code of Viral Nomenclature.
- ICNCP - International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivation Plants.
System of Biological Classification
* These are four different systems of classification mainly used by taxonomists.
They are (i) artificial, (ii) natural , (iii) phylogenetic and (iv) phenetic.
Carolus Linnaeus
Some Important Points For Class 9 and Board Students.
* Nomenclature is giving distinct scientific names to various structures including living organisms, for their identification.
* Biological Nomenclature is of two types - vernacular and scientific.
* Common names by which plants and animals are known in their regional places are called vernacular names.
* The vernacular name or common names are based on some peculiarity pf the organisms. e.g. Kandiali (a plant having spines)
Amaranthus, Kandiali, Jungli Palak
* Scientific names are given to organisms based on agreed principles and criteria for their acceptability all over the world.
* Scientific names are distinct and specific, they have particular spelling which are not changed.
* There are three types of Nomenclature - polynomial, trinomial and binomial nomenclature.
* Polynomial nomenclature was the first attempt at nomenclature in which an organism is given name consisting number of words that incorporates all its important characteristics. e.g Carophyllum saxatilis folis gramneus umbellatis corymbis which means caryophyllum growing on rocks, having grass like leaves and umbellate corymb flowers.
* Trinomial nomenclature is a taxonomic naming system that extends the standard system of binomial nomenclature by adding a third taxon. It is used in biology when the organisms within a species fall into separate grouping that needs to be distinguished.
* Trinomen is a name consisting of three names- generic name,specific name and subspecies name. All three names are typeset in italics and only the generic name is capitalized. e.g. Buteo jamaicensis borealis is one of the subspecies of the red tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
*Binomial nomenclature is a system of providing distinct proper scientific name to organisms with each name consisting of two words, generic and specific.
* It was developed by Linnaeus ( a Swedish biologist) who gave certain principles
( called Linnaean principles) for this in his book Philosophica Botanica (1751).
* According to it, each organism is given name made of two Latin words.
*For nomenclature the Latin language is used because it is the dead language and no changes are supposed to occur in it.
* In binomial nomenclature ,following rules are applicable.
- Name consist of two words - first word represents the genus and is called generic name and the second word represents the species called the specific name.
- The generic name always start with capital letters and specific name starts with small letter.
- Both these names must be underlined separately (if handwritten) or italised ( if printed).
* No comma, hyphen etc between generic and specific name is used.
* To the two word , name is appended the name of taxonomist who discovered the organism and provided with a scientific name . e.g Ficus bengalensis L, Homo Sapiens L.
* Botanical nomenclature is independent of zoological and bacteriological nomenclature which are governed by their own code.
* Some important abbreviations are
- ICBN - International Code Of Botanical Nomenclature
- ICZN - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
- ICBacN - International Code of Bacteriological Nomenclature.
- ICVN - International Code of Viral Nomenclature.
- ICNCP - International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivation Plants.
System of Biological Classification
* These are four different systems of classification mainly used by taxonomists.
They are (i) artificial, (ii) natural , (iii) phylogenetic and (iv) phenetic.
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